Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency, affecting approximately 1 in 1,000 people annually. It occurs when the appendiceal lumen becomes obstructed — most commonly by a faecolith — leading to bacterial overgrowth, distension, ischaemia, and, if untreated, perforation with peritonitis. Appendicitis affects all age groups but peaks in adolescents and young adults. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is the standard treatment for uncomplicated appendicitis. Non-operative management with antibiotics alone is an acceptable alternative for uncomplicated appendicitis in selected patients, with approximately 70% success at one year. Perforated appendicitis with abscess may be managed initially with antibiotics and drainage, followed by interval appendicectomy.
