Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, with more than 5 million cases diagnosed annually. The three main types are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. While BCC and SCC are highly curable when detected early, melanoma is the most dangerous form due to its tendency to metastasize to other organs if not caught in its early stages. The primary cause of skin cancer is ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure from the sun or tanning beds, which damages the DNA in skin cells. Cumulative UV exposure over a lifetime, as well as intense intermittent exposure causing sunburns, significantly increases risk. Additional risk factors include fair skin, a history of previous skin cancer or precancerous lesions (such as actinic keratoses), a personal or family history of melanoma, a large number of moles, a weakened immune system, and exposure to carcinogens such as arsenic. Basal cell carcinoma typically appears as a pearly or waxy bump, a flat flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion, or a bleeding or scabbing sore that heals and returns. Squamous cell carcinoma may present as a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. Melanoma warning signs are captured by the ABCDE rule: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter greater than 6mm, and Evolution (changes in size, shape, or color). Early detection through regular skin self-examinations and annual dermatological skin checks is critical. Dermoscopy and digital mole mapping enhance the ability to identify suspicious lesions. Diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy. Treatment for BCC and SCC typically involves surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery (which maximizes tissue conservation and cure rates for high-risk tumors), topical therapies, or radiation. Melanoma treatment depends on stage and may include wide local excision, sentinel lymph node biopsy, targeted therapy (BRAF/MEK inhibitors), and immunotherapy (checkpoint inhibitors). Our dermatology team at Silvaris provides comprehensive skin cancer prevention counseling, full-body skin examinations, Mohs surgery, and multidisciplinary oncologic care for advanced melanoma, ensuring our patients receive the most current evidence-based treatments.
